QUESTIONS (TRUE/FALSE):
1. The X-chromosome is shorter than the Y-chromosome.
2. The male specific genes are found on the Y-chromosome.
3. If you have a Y-chromosome, you are a priest.
4. If you have an X-chromosome you are a female.
5. The Y-chromosome contains very little genetic information.
6. The female X-chromosome comes from the mother.
7. Maternal mitochondrial DNA is found on the X-chromosome.
8. Cytoplasm surrounds the nucleus of a cell.
9. Cells need their mitochondria to carry out respiration.
10. Cellular phones use mitochondrial signals.

MULTIPLE CHOICE
11. Which has the most genes:
a. tRNA
b. Mitochondrial DNA
c. Y-chromosome
d. X-chromosome
e. microsatellites
12. From a genetic point of view the Y-chromosome may be called:
a. the female chromosome
b. a wasteland
c. a centromere
d. the heart of a cell
e. the most populated chromosome
13. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA. is usually found in the form of a:
a. ball or puff
b. knotted strand
c. paired strand
d. long string
e. loop
14. A female chromosome (X-chromosome. comes from:
a. father
b. mother
c. father and mother
d. neither father nor mother
e. father or mother
15. A gene on the Y-chromosome, if not specifically male related tends to:
a. disappear after several million years
b. dissolve into the background
c. destroy other genes
d. dislocate to the X-chromosome
e. dissect the chromosome

ESSAY:
16. Explain how mitochondrial DNA is passed from mother to offspring.
17. Give one reason why there are so few genes on the Y-chromosome.
18. If there were 8 billion people on the earth and we assume that each generation doubled the population, how many generations must we go back to show that we are all related to a single ancestor? Explain your answer.
19. Describe how it is possible to determine if we all have a common female ancestor.
20. If all zygotes are female by default, explain how some of us become males.