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100 REM PROGRAM GENERATES THE APPROPRIATE AMINO ACID FOR ANY DNA CODON TRIPLET
110 CLS
120 PRINT "CODON TRIPLETS:"
125 PRINT " "
130 FOR C1 = 1 TO 4
140 FOR C2 = 1 TO 4
150 FOR C3 = 1 TO 4
160 C1$ = MID$("ACGT", C1, 1)
170 C2$ = MID$("ACGT", C2, 1)
180 C3$ = MID$("ACGT", C3, 1)
190 PRINT C1$; C2$; C3$; " ";
200 IF C3 = 4 THEN PRINT " "
210 NEXT C3
220 NEXT C2
230 NEXT C1
240 PRINT " "
250 PRINT "ENTER A CODON TRIPLET: ";
260 INPUT CODON$
300 PRINT " "
301 IF CODON$ = "TTT" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "LYSINE (LYS) K"
302 IF CODON$ = "TTG" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "GLUTAMINE (GLN) Q"
303 IF CODON$ = "TTC" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "GLUTAMIC ACID (GLU) E"
304 IF CODON$ = "TTA" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "TERMINATOR CODON"
305 IF CODON$ = "CTT" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "LYSINE (LYS) K"
306 IF CODON$ = "CTG" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "GLUTAMINE (GLN) Q"
307 IF CODON$ = "CTC" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "GLUTAMIC ACID (GLU) E"
308 IF CODON$ = "CTA" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "TERMINATOR CODON"
309 IF CODON$ = "GTT" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "ASPARAGINE (ASN) N"
310 IF CODON$ = "GTG" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "HISTIDINE (HIS) H"
311 IF CODON$ = "GTC" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "ASPARTIC ACID (ASP) D"
312 IF CODON$ = "GTA" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "TYROSINE (TYR) Y"
313 IF CODON$ = "ATT" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "ASPARAGINE (ASN) N"
314 IF CODON$ = "ATG" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "HISTIDINE (HIS) H"
315 IF CODON$ = "ATC" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "ASPARTIC ACID (ASP) D"
316 IF CODON$ = "ATA" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "TYROSINE (TYR) Y"
317 IF CODON$ = "TGT" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "THREONINE (THR) T"
318 IF CODON$ = "TGG" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "PROLINE (PRO) P"
319 IF CODON$ = "TGC" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "ALANINE (ALA) A"
320 IF CODON$ = "TGA" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "SERINE (SER) S"
321 IF CODON$ = "CGT" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "THREONINE (THR) T"
322 IF CODON$ = "CGG" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "PROLINE (PRO) P"
323 IF CODON$ = "CGC" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "ALANINE (ALA) A"
324 IF CODON$ = "CGA" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "SERINE (SER) S"
325 IF CODON$ = "GGT" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "THREONINE (THR) T"
326 IF CODON$ = "GGG" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "PROLINE (PRO) P"
327 IF CODON$ = "GGC" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "ALANINE (ALA) A"
328 IF CODON$ = "GGA" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "SERINE (SER) S"
329 IF CODON$ = "AGT" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "THREONINE (THR) T"
330 IF CODON$ = "AGG" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "PROLINE (PRO) P"
331 IF CODON$ = "AGC" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "ALANINE (ALA) A"
332 IF CODON$ = "AGA" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "SERINE (SER) S"
333 IF CODON$ = "TCT" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "ARGININE (ARG) R"
334 IF CODON$ = "TCG" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "ARGININE (ARG) R"
335 IF CODON$ = "TCC" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "GLYCINE (GLY) G"
336 IF CODON$ = "TCA" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "TERMINATOR CODON "
337 IF CODON$ = "CCT" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "ARGININE (ARG) R"
338 IF CODON$ = "CCG" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "ARGININE (ARG) R"
339 IF CODON$ = "CCC" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "GLYCINE (GLY) G"
340 IF CODON$ = "CCA" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "TRYPTOPHAN (TRP) W"
341 IF CODON$ = "GCT" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "SERINE (SER) S"
342 IF CODON$ = "GCG" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "ARGININE (ARG) R"
343 IF CODON$ = "GCC" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "GLYCINE (GLY) G"
344 IF CODON$ = "GCA" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "CYSTEINE (CYS) C"
345 IF CODON$ = "ACT" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "SERINE (SER) S"
346 IF CODON$ = "ACG" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "ARGININE (ARG) R"
347 IF CODON$ = "ACC" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "GLYCINE (GLY) G"
348 IF CODON$ = "ACA" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "CYSTEINE (CYS) C"
349 IF CODON$ = "TAT" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "ISOLEUCINE (ILE) I"
350 IF CODON$ = "TAG" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "LEUCINE (LEU) L"
351 IF CODON$ = "TAC" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "VALINE (VAL) V"
352 IF CODON$ = "TAA" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "LEUCINE (LEU) L"
353 IF CODON$ = "CAT" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "METHIONINE (MET) M"
354 IF CODON$ = "CAG" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "LEUCINE (LEU) L"
355 IF CODON$ = "CAC" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "VALINE (VAL) V"
356 IF CODON$ = "CAA" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "LEUCINE (LEU) L"
357 IF CODON$ = "GAT" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "ISOLEUCINE (ILE) I"
358 IF CODON$ = "GAG" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "LEUCINE (LEU) L"
359 IF CODON$ = "GAC" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "VALINE (VAL) V"
360 IF CODON$ = "GAA" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "PHENYLALANINE (PHE) F"
361 IF CODON$ = "AAT" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "ISOLEUCINE (ILE) I"
362 IF CODON$ = "AAG" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "LEUCINE (LEU) L"
363 IF CODON$ = "AAC" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "VALINE (VAL) V"
364 IF CODON$ = "AAA" THEN PRINT CODON$; "---"; "PHENYLALANINE (PHE) F"
500 END

ARTICLE TITLE: Nucleotide sequence (bases 1 to 294) of the Belgian G gamma+ (A gamma delta beta) 0-thalassemia deletion breakpoint suggests a common mechanism for a number of such recombination events

AUTHOR: R.Fodde, M. Losekoot, L.Casula and L.F.Bernini.

JOURNAL: GENOMICS 8, 732-735 (1990)

ABSTRACT: Small mutations or variations in the codon sequence may have profound effects upon the final form of the produced protein structure. The classic example of this effect in the hemoglobin protein is a substitution of a single amino acid. If on the beta-chain of hemoglobin at the number 6 position which normally holds a glutamic acid residue we find a valine, we have a disorder known as the sickle cell trait. The hemoglobin with the valine tends to crystallize in the red blood cells, causing them to form tiny sickle shapes. These deformed cells do not flow freely through the blood stream and cause their bearer to become quite ill. The journal HEMOGLOBIN publishes a complete list of all reported variants of hemoglobin each year.

The gene for the beta-chain of hemoglobin is found on chromosome 11. Some of the other genes found along Chromosome 11 and their relative positions on the chromosome are listed below.
apolipoprotein A-Iapolipoprotein A-IV
apolipoprotein C-III
antigen, delta polypeptide
probes pADJ765,762PP3,762BB3
probes pMS51,pMS51L/pMS51R
dopamine receptor D2
parathyroid hormone
v-ets avian erythroblastosis
fibroblast growth factor
hemoglobin, beta
Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma
insulin
matrix metalloproteinase
phosphorylase, glycogen
avian erythroblastosis
tyrosinase (oculocutaneous)

Chromosome 11 has been extensively studied because of many biologically interesting regions. Damage to some of the genes present on chromosome 11 can cause any of the following: several types of tumors, genitourinary abnormalities, mental retardation, T-cell leukemias, multiple endocrine neoplasia, major mental illness, including schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorders, tuberous sclerosis, ataxia, telangiectasia, and several other abnormalities.

KEY WORDS/PHRASES Beta-chain of hemoglobin Chromosome11 Codon Protein structure


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Table of Contents (all articles on this disk)
This Article: HOW BIG IS A GENE?
For this article:
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