QUESTIONS (TRUE/FALSE):
1. The terms "cell cycle" and "mitosis" are synonymous.
2. The interphase is a rest phase in which the no cell cycle activity takes place.
3. Specific combinations of cyclins and kinases have specific effects on the cell cycle.
4. Cyclin-dependent kinases are the key cell cycle regulators in eukaryotic cells.
5. Yeast cell cycle genes have nothing in common with human cell cycle genes.
6. Yeast cells and bacteria are examples of prokaryotic cells.
7. Studies of fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) genetics are of little use in understanding human genetics.
8. Cell cycle arrest is undesirable and only occurs in diseased or dying organisms.
9. Transcription factors act like on-off switches for genes.
10. The fact that yeast cells have 29 genes that code for enzymes involved in proteolysis is an indication of the biologic importance of this process.

MULTIPLE CHOICE
11. Select the best answer:
a. Cell cycle activity only occurs during the M and D phases.
b. Construction of new DNA only occurs during mitosis.
c. The interphase is merely a rest period between cell divisions.
d. Cellular metabolic activity is highest during the interphase.
e. None of the above.
12. Cyclin-dependent kinases:
a. Are the key cell cycle regulators of prokaryotic cells.
b. Interfere with transcription by binding to DNA.
c. Regulate eukaryote cell cycles by regulating the activity of genes.
d. Can have different functions in different cell cycle phases.
e. a, b
f. c, d
13. Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by:
a. Proteolysis
b. Phosphorylation
c. Transcription
d. None of the above
e. All of the above
14. Studies of fruit fly imaginal disc cells are useful because:
a. They differentiate in a manner similar to some mammalian cells.
b. They stain readily with protein-specific dyes.
c. They are quite large and easy to see under the microscope.
d. Their nuclei contain the same number of chromosomes as human neurons.
e. They can easily be transplanted into specially bred mice.
15. Cell signaling is accomplished through:
a. Microvolt electrical emissions from cell membranes.
b. The use of ubiquitin "tags".
c. Expression of transcription factors.
d. Physical pressure from adjacent cells.
e. Local variations in CO2 concentrations.

ESSAY:
16. Discuss the phenomenon of differentiation and explain at least two mechanisms by which cells know "when" and "how" to differentiate and when to stop. Be able to explain what happens when the process goes awry.
17. Discuss the role of cyclin-dependent kinases in regulation of the cell cycle.
18. Explain the phenomenon of "cancer" in terms of the cell cycle.
19. Explain the role of cell "checkpoints" in genetic regulation.
20. Discuss the method by which a cell marks a target protein for protolytic destruction.